Fig

Overview

Production

Cultivation

Health Benefits

What is Fig?

Figs are a kind of fruit that comes from the Ficus carica, a species of small tree belonging to the Moraceae family of flowering plants. While originally from the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions, they are now grown in numerous parts of the world. Figs are known for their one-of-a-kind sweet flavor and soft, chewy texture, which make them a popular ingredient in various culinary dishes.

Figs come in a variety of colors, including green, yellow, purple, and black, and are usually oblong or pear-shaped. The fruit is enclosed in a thin, soft skin that is often eaten along with the flesh. Figs contain small, edible seeds that add a crunchy texture to the fruit.

Figs are a good source of several nutrients, including fiber, potassium, magnesium, and vitamins K and B6. They are also rich in antioxidants, which may help to protect against cellular damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Fresh figs are highly perishable and should be eaten or preserved shortly after they are harvested. Dried figs are a popular alternative and are widely available year-round. They can be eaten as a snack, added to baked goods or salads, or used as a topping for yogurt or oatmeal. Additionally, figs can be made into jams, chutneys, or spreads.

Fig Production in the World

The global production of Fig plays a significant role in agriculture and trade. As of 2023, Turkiye is the top producer, contributing 356,000 tonnes, which accounts for 27.28% of the total global production. Egypt ranks second, producing 193,058 tonnes, representing 14.80% of the world's output. Other significant producers include Morocco, Algeria, and Iran, with production levels of 119,167, 116,183, and 73,483 tonnes, respectively. Ecuador has the lowest production among the listed countries, contributing just 36 tonnes in 2023. In total, global production of Fig reached approximately 1,304,848 tonnes in 2023.

Top 10 Countries by Fig Production in 2023

Countries Ranked by Fig Production in 2023

Source:FAOSTAT
Last Updated: 23 Jan 2025

Rank	Country	Production (Tonnes)	Acreage (Hectare)	Yield
1	Turkiye	356,000	57,459	6,196
2	Egypt	193,058	28,667	6,735
3	Morocco	119,167	69,737	1,709
4	Algeria	116,183	38,374	3,028
5	Iran	73,483	12,206	6,020
6	Afghanistan	60,651	10,228	5,930
7	Syria	40,760	9,645	4,226
8	Spain	39,650	16,860	2,352
9	Saudi Arabia	28,676	1,435	19,984
10	United States	27,744	2,665	10,412
11	Uzbekistan	27,673	1,324	20,903
12	Tunisia	23,764	16,403	1,449
13	Albania	23,350	1,518	15,380
14	Brazil	20,881	2,006	10,409
15	India	14,875	5,931	2,508
16	China	14,126	2,580	5,475
17	Italy	13,030	2,070	6,295
18	Mexico	12,489	1,925	6,489
19	Japan	12,281	942	13,040
20	Azerbaijan	11,914	1,917	6,216
21	Libya	10,239	2,656	3,855
22	Greece	8,440	1,130	7,469
23	Iraq	7,465	899	8,305
24	France	7,190	830	8,663
25	Yemen	4,966	490	10,129
26	Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,795	446	8,509
27	Montenegro	3,774	1,354	2,787
28	Palestine	3,400	298	11,405
29	Portugal	3,170	3,700	857
30	Lebanon	3,061	562	5,447
31	Peru	2,587	448	5,770
32	Colombia	2,451	101	24,221
33	Israel	2,380	70	34,000
34	Armenia	2,095	263	7,967
35	South Africa	1,746	523	3,335
36	Jordan	1,378	143	9,636
37	Tajikistan	1,221	316	3,863
38	Cyprus	1,000	190	5,263
39	North Macedonia	906	52	17,444
40	Argentina	868	271	3,201
41	Croatia	740	500	1,480
42	Bolivia	655	130	5,054
43	United Arab Emirates	601	62	9,631
44	Pakistan	209	129	1,625
45	Slovenia	130	30	4,333
46	Bulgaria	130	40	3,250
47	Chile	126	72	1,751
48	Qatar	108	36	3,000
49	Cameroon	94	33	2,812
50	Australia	72	69	1,038
51	Malta	60	-	-
52	Ecuador	36	32	1,150

Cultivation of Fig

Fig trees are relatively easy to grow and can be cultivated in a variety of climates, although they prefer warm, dry conditions.

Here are the basic steps involved in growing figs:

Choose a planting location: To thrive, fig trees need ample sunlight and soil that is well-drained. It's important to select a spot that receives a minimum of 6-8 hours of direct sunlight every day and has deep, fertile soil.
Plant the tree: Dig a hole that is slightly larger than the root ball of the fig tree. Gently loosen the roots and place the tree in the hole, making sure that the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. Fill in the hole with soil and water thoroughly.
Water the tree: Newly planted fig trees should be watered regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. After the tree has become established, it can tolerate some drought.
Fertilize the tree: Fig trees benefit from regular applications of fertilizer, especially during the growing season. Use a balanced fertilizer that is high in nitrogen to promote growth and fruit production.
Prune the tree: Fig trees should be pruned regularly to remove dead or diseased wood and to shape the tree. Pruning can also improve fruit production by promoting new growth and increasing air circulation.
Harvest the fruit: Figs are usually ready to harvest in late summer or early fall, depending on the variety. The fruit should be picked when it is fully ripe and has a soft texture and sweet aroma.

By following these basic steps, it is possible to grow healthy and productive fig trees that provide a bountiful harvest of delicious fruit.

Health Benefits of Fig

Figs are a nutritious fruit that offers several health benefits.

Here are some of the potential health benefits of figs:

Good source of fiber: Figs are an excellent source of dietary fiber, which can help promote regular bowel movements, reduce constipation, and improve digestive health.
Rich in antioxidants: Figs are high in antioxidants, which can help protect against damage from harmful free radicals in the body and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
May lower blood pressure: Figs are a good source of potassium, which is a mineral that can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart disease.
May improve insulin sensitivity: Some studies suggest that figs may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
May promote bone health: Figs contain several minerals, including calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, which are essential for maintaining strong bones and may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
May improve skin health: Figs are rich in vitamins and minerals that can help improve skin health and may reduce the risk of skin damage and premature aging.

It's important to note that while figs offer several potential health benefits, they should be eaten in moderation as they are also high in natural sugars and calories.

Nutritional Information of Fig

A 100-gram serving of fresh figs provides the following approximate nutrition information:

Calories: 74 kcal
Carbohydrates: 19 grams
Fiber: 3 grams
Protein: 1 gram
Fat: 0.3 grams
Potassium: 232 milligrams
Calcium: 35 milligrams
Magnesium: 17 milligrams
Vitamin C: 2 milligrams

It's important to note that the nutritional content of figs can vary slightly depending on factors such as ripeness and growing conditions. Additionally, dried figs have a higher calorie and sugar content per 100 grams due to the removal of water during the drying process.

Structure of Fig

The fig fruit has a unique structure that is composed of several parts.

Here are the main components of the fig fruit:

Stem: The fig fruit is attached to the tree by a stem that is known as the peduncle.
Skin: The skin of the fig fruit is thin, delicate, and edible. It is usually green when the fruit is immature and turns brown or purple when it ripens.
Pulp: The pulp of the fig is the fleshy part that is enclosed by the skin. It is soft, sweet, and contains small, crunchy seeds.
Seeds: The fig fruit contains numerous small seeds that are edible and add a crunchy texture to the fruit. They are surrounded by soft pulp.
Hollow center: The center of the fig fruit is hollow and contains the remnants of the flower's reproductive structures. These structures are not usually visible from the outside of the fruit.

The structure of the fig fruit allows it to protect and enclose its seeds while they develop, and then provide a sweet and nutritious food source for animals that eat the fruit and disperse the seeds. The fig fruit is an important food source for many animals, including birds, bats, and primates.

Types of Fig

There are many different types of figs, each with its distinct characteristics and flavor profile.

Here are some of the most common types of figs:

Black Mission: Black Mission figs are dark purple or black and have a sweet, rich flavor. They are one of the most common varieties of figs and are often used in desserts and baked goods.
Brown Turkey: Brown Turkey figs are brownish-purple in color and have a milder, less sweet flavor than Black Mission figs. They are often used for eating fresh or dried.
Kadota: Kadota figs are a light greenish-yellow color and have a delicate, sweet flavor. They are often used in salads and as a topping for cheese plates.
Calimyrna: Calimyrna figs are a light green color and have a nutty, slightly sweet flavor. They are often used in savory dishes and baking.
Adriatic: Adriatic figs are a pale green color and have a very sweet, honey-like flavor. They are often eaten fresh or dried.
Smyrna: Smyrna figs are a light greenish-yellow color and have a nutty, slightly sweet flavor. They are often used in baking and for making jams and preserves.

These are just a few examples of the many different types of figs that are available. Each type has its unique flavor and texture, so it's worth trying several different varieties to find your favorite.

Uses of Fig

Figs have been used in a variety of ways throughout history and in different cultures.

Here are some of the most common uses of figs:

Culinary uses: Figs are a delicious and versatile ingredient that can be used in a wide range of sweet and savory dishes. They can be eaten fresh, dried, or cooked, and are often used in desserts, jams, and chutneys.
Medicinal uses: Figs have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions, including digestive problems, respiratory issues, and skin conditions.
Cosmetics: Figs contain antioxidants and other nutrients that are beneficial for the skin and hair. They are often used in cosmetics and personal care products, such as moisturizers, shampoos, and conditioners.
Decorative uses: Dried figs are often used in decorative arrangements and centerpieces, especially during the holiday season.
Symbolic uses: Figs have symbolic significance in many cultures, representing fertility, prosperity, and abundance. They are often used in religious rituals and ceremonies.

Figs are versatile and valuable food that can be used in many different ways. Whether eaten fresh or used in cooking, figs offer a range of health benefits and can be a valuable addition to a balanced diet.

Fig